http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.035 PubMed, 4 Keith LS, Faroon OM, Fowler BA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2009.02.002 PubMed, 40 Karpas Z, Paz-Tal O, Lorber A, Salonen L, Komulainen H, Auvinen A, et al.Urine, hair, and nails as indicators for ingestion of uranium in drinking water. Spot urines are usually preferred for population-based studies because of the cumbersome sampling of 24-hour urine. The willingness of people to participate and to collect a 24-hour urine sample was at the same time the biggest challenge and limitation of this study.
Comparability with population-based studies from other countries is, apart from the use of spot urines, further limited by number. Ansoborlo E, Lebaron-Jacobs L, Prat O. After oral exposure, the major portion of ingested uranium passes via the intestine [20]. 2009;150(9):604–12. 2013;76(2):86–97. doi:.

Arch Environ Occup Health.

In order to offer you a better user experience, we use cookies. Zamora ML, Zielinski JM, Moodie GB, Falcomer RAF, Hunt WC, Capello K. Uranium in drinking water: renal effects of long-term ingestion by an aboriginal community. Uranium was quantified in 24-hour urine from a nationwide population-based sample (n = 1393). doi:. 1990;124(1):90–5. The observed association of 24-hour urinary uranium excretion with the type of water consumed highlights the importance of bottled water as a uranium source in Switzerland (table 2).
Consumed water, likely representing the major source of uranium for the non-occupationally exposed individuals, can either be tap or bottled water [14, 39, 40]. Once ingested and intestinally absorbed, uranium appears in the bloodstream and subsequently accumulates mainly in the kidney, the liver and bone. Fractional absorption of ingested uranium in humans. doi:. From the 1393 participants, 1009 (72%) had a urine uranium concentration above the LOD of 5 ng/l and up to 459 ng/l, 384 samples were below LOD. doi:. (World Health Organization). Schnug E, Steckel H, Haneklaus S. Contribution of uranium in drinking waters to the daily uranium intake of humans - a case study from Northern Germany.

Available from: Dobler L, Eckard R, Günsel A, Langel D, Müller A, Oganowski M, et al. Besides nephrotoxicity, other health outcomes such as reproductive and developmental alterations, diminished bone growth, DNA damage, neurotoxicity and oestrogenic effects are documented, though mainly from animal studies [1, 19]. Environ Health Perspect. Available from: https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_16AEF897B618.P001/REF, 35 Adriaens AG, Kelly WR, Adams FC. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2015.8 PubMed, 45 CDC. The model residuals followed normal distribution as verified through a Shapiro-Francia test (data not shown). Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada, Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 (2007-2009). 2011;1–151. Second Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada, Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 2 (2009-2011). Available from: Adriaens AG, Kelly WR, Adams FC. Health Phys. A total of 1393 samples remained with complete data. Because of its wide distribution, uranium is present in water, air, food and animal feed [1, 2]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.022 PubMed, 10 Surbeck H, Deflorin O, Kloos O. Spatial and temporal variations in the uranium series background in Alpine groundwaters.

Environ Health Perspect. [Cited 2019 July 22.] A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. [7] fall within this range. However, uranium exposure from drinking water becomes important where local water sources contain elevated uranium concentrations [2, 5, 15]. With the simplified formula for non-natural tracer isotopes, according to Adriaens et al. urinary uranium, excretion, Switzerland, 24-hour urine, renal dysfunction, drinking water. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2013.738171 PubMed, 56 Mao Y, Desmeules M, Schaubel D, Bérubé D, Dyck R, Brûlé D, et al.Inorganic components of drinking water and microalbuminuria. doi:. No difference in urinary uranium excretion between genders was found in several other studies [41, 51–53]. The amount of uranium absorbed from the diet can be approximated to the urinary uranium excretion on the assumptions that the contribution from inhaled uranium and from endogenous secretion of uranium into the gastrointestinal tract are negligible, and that the person is in uranium balance [24, 26]. 1993;65(5):660–3. Environ Pollut. 1995;71(2):135–40. [Cited 2019 July 22.] [Cited 2019 July 22.] Kidney Int Suppl. doi:. 2002;110(4):337–42. Ann Intern Med. Pacific Northwest Lab, Richland, WA, USA. 2009;150(9):604–12. 2019;29(3):424–34. Sources - Qu’est-ce qu’une pyramide des âges? Even though all uranium isotopes are radioactive, the chemical toxicity of uranium in food and drinking water is of greater concern than the radiotoxicity because of its low specific activity [1, 19]. Chapter 45. p. 881–903. doi:.