Brazza, Pierre-Paul Savorgnan de (1852-1905). The ratification by the French chambers in the following November of the treaties with Mskoko (described by Stanley as worthless pieces of paper) committed France to the action of her agent. Office of the Historian. But King Makoko says it is not too late for the former colonial power to make up. [24], Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997, when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship. The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Early in 1880 he rapidly ascending the Ogow� and founded the station of Franceville on the upper waters of that river.

De Brazza was anxious to obtain for France some part of the Congo. Its altitude is 308 m. Its population in 2004 is around 16,600. A young man, chief of the pages, wore a uniform acquired through trade which he wore with the buttons at the back. [46] The country also has large untapped mineral wealth. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending as a result of its central geographic location within AEF and the federal capital at Brazzaville. Religion in the Republic of the Congo by the Association of Religion Data Archives (2015)[57], The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. Pietro was interested in exploration from an early age and won entry to the French naval school at Brest. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on 15 August 1960.

Following the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. The methods were often brutal: construction of the Congo–Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives.[11]. The British monarch, for all her gold bathroom fittings and bejewelled headgear, has nothing on King Makoko. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congolais du Travail) as well as a range of smaller parties. The nineteenth century engraving. Makoko City/Town/Village, Statistical region, Dated location, Location. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. King Makoko of the Teke inspires respect, and not a little awe. The opposition, who boycotted the referendum, said that the government's statistics were false and the vote was a fake one.[36]. Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Enter your log in email address and we'll send you a link to reset your password.

For other uses, see, Largest cities or towns in Republic of the Congo.

In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). Links to more Africa stories are at the foot of the page. CONFERENCE . In 1874 Brazza made two trips into the interior, up the Gabon and Ogooué rivers.

[64] Public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds[69] but, in practice, expenses exist. <> This led to a revival of the Ninja rebels who launched attacks against the army in April 2016, leading 80,000 people to flee their homes.

The election raised questions and was accompanied by civil unrest and police shootings of protesters;[37] at least 18 people were killed by security forces during opposition rallies leading up to the referendum held in October. The dry season is from June to August, while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November. With these treaties in his possession Brazza proceeded down the Congo, and at Isangila on the 7th of November met Stanley, who was working his way up stream concluding treaties with the chiefs on behalf of the International African Association.

[9] Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. [41] script.setAttribute("onerror", "setNptTechAdblockerCookie(true);"); endobj For example, the massive Chaillu Mountains are almost impossible to visit. @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { (function(src){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.async=true;a.src=src;var b=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b)})("//experience.tinypass.com/xbuilder/experience/load?aid=bYdYZQml5V"); Pierre Savorgnon de Brazza, a French empire builder whose last name would be later used to name the capital �Brazzaville�, competed with agents of Belgian King Leopold's International Congo Association (later Zaire) for control of the Congo River basin. [54][55], In 2018, the Republic of the Congo joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.[56]. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports.

[9], According to a 2011–12 survey, total fertility rate was 5.1 children born per woman, with 4.5 in urban areas and 6.5 in rural areas. Their attention had been drawn to the Niger through the formation of the United African Company by Sir George Goldie (then Mr Goldie Taubman) in July 1879, Goldie�s object being to secure Nigeria for Great Britain. But the incumbent, King Makoko, has been king for just five years. His subjects still travel to pay homage to him and he is still brought their disputes and difficulties to settle.

During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo in 1958[15] and published its first constitution in 1959. EXPOSITION . Youlou became the first President of the Republic of the Congo.