Famous English engineers include Isambard Kingdom Brunel, best known for the creation of the Great Western Railway, a series of famous steamships, and numerous important bridges, hence revolutionising public transport and modern-day engineering. [321] Its collection of more than seven million objects[346] is one of the largest and most comprehensive in the world,[347] sourced from every continent, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. Later, an uprising led by Boudica, Queen of the Iceni, ended with Boudica's suicide following her defeat at the Battle of Watling Street. England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Much of the UK's space industry is centred on EADS Astrium, based in Stevenage and Portsmouth.
2019 | [371] Lord's Cricket Ground situated in London is sometimes referred to as the "Mecca of Cricket".[372]. [378] Nick Faldo is the most successful Ryder Cup player ever, having won the most points (25) of any player on either the European or US teams.[379]. They were established to protect the most significant areas of habitat and of geological formations.
[352] The Football Association is the oldest governing body in the sport, with the rules of football first drafted in 1863 by Ebenezer Cobb Morley. 1912 | However, there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north (for example, the Lake District and Pennines) and in the west (for example, Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills). [245], State schools teach students a second language or third language from the ages of seven, usually French, German, Spanish, Latin, Greek.
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[267], Higher education students normally attend university from age 18 onwards, where they study for an academic degree. A form of Protestantism known as Methodism is the third largest Christian practice and grew out of Anglicanism through John Wesley. Based on conflicting political, religious and social positions, the English Civil War was fought between the supporters of Parliament and those of King Charles I, known colloquially as Roundheads and Cavaliers respectively. [270] The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research. [247], In the 2011 census, 59.4% of the population of England specified their religion as Christian, 24.7% answered that they had no religion, 5% specified that they were Muslim, while 3.7% of the population belongs to other religions and 7.2% did not give an answer. April 2002 BRD 2002 – Die Pleite des Medienimperiums Leo Kirchs wurde offiziell mit dem Insolvenzantrag der Kirch Media. One of the game's top rivalries is The Ashes series between England and Australia, contested since 1882. During the 14th century, the Plantagenets and the House of Valois both claimed to be legitimate claimants to the House of Capet and with it France; the two powers clashed in the Hundred Years' War. Agriculture is intensive and highly mechanised, producing 60% of food needs with only 2% of the labour force. With his role in the marketing and manufacturing of the steam engine, and invention of modern coinage, Matthew Boulton (business partner of James Watt) is regarded as one of the most influential entrepreneurs in history. [323] Present-day composers from England include Michael Nyman, best known for The Piano, and Andrew Lloyd Webber, whose musicals have achieved enormous success in the West End and worldwide. [256] There are many other English and associated saints; some of the best-known are: Cuthbert, Edmund, Alban, Wilfrid, Aidan, Edward the Confessor, John Fisher, Thomas More, Petroc, Piran, Margaret Clitherow and Thomas Becket. In 1666 the Great Fire of London gutted the City of London but it was rebuilt shortly afterwards[73] with many significant buildings designed by Sir Christopher Wren. The River Thames is the major waterway in England, with imports and exports focused at the Port of Tilbury in the Thames Estuary, one of the United Kingdom's three major ports. [40] Their advance was contained for some decades after the Britons' victory at the Battle of Mount Badon, but subsequently resumed, over-running the fertile lowlands of Britain and reducing the area under Brittonic control to a series of separate enclaves in the more rugged country to the west by the end of the 6th century. Islam is the most common of these, now accounting for around 5% of the population in England. The Napoleonic Wars fostered a concept of Britishness and a united national British people, shared with the Scots and Welsh.
[254] There are other non-conformist minorities, such as Baptists, Quakers, Congregationalists, Unitarians and The Salvation Army.
L'Équipe d'Angleterre de football est éliminée lors des quarts de finale de l'Euro 2004. [76] The opening of Northwest England's Bridgewater Canal in 1761 ushered in the canal age in Britain. Many nursery rhymes are of English origin such as Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary, Roses are red, Jack and Jill, London Bridge Is Falling Down, The Grand Old Duke of York, Hey Diddle Diddle and Humpty Dumpty. Oeuvres visible dans le cadre de l'exposition. [341] The visual effects company Framestore in London has produced some of the most critically acclaimed special effects in modern film. [335] Ealing Studios in London has a claim to being the oldest continuously working film studio in the world.
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2005 | [274], Many ancient standing stone monuments were erected during the prehistoric period; amongst the best known are Stonehenge, Devil's Arrows, Rudston Monolith and Castlerigg. 1901 |
Grey squirrels introduced from eastern America have forced the decline of the native red squirrel due to competition.
[375] The top level of club participation is the English Premiership.
[252] There has been one Pope from England to date, Adrian IV; while saints Bede and Anselm are regarded as Doctors of the Church. They contain two national parks, the Yorkshire Dales and the Peak District.
The government has devolved responsibility to the bank's Monetary Policy Committee for managing the monetary policy of the country and setting interest rates. Wessex under Alfred the Great was left as the only surviving English kingdom, and under his successors, it steadily expanded at the expense of the kingdoms of the Danelaw.